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- | ====== Styles & Headings ====== | ||
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- | This section will explain why we use styles, and show you how to apply them to your document. | ||
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- | We consulted with DAISY and our own testing and development in creating these guidelines. This documentation is designed to create the most accessible ebook. | ||
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- | < | ||
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- | =====Why styles===== | ||
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- | We use the '' | ||
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- | Styles allow readers to change how the formatting is presented. | ||
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- | For example, a reader can change the thickness of a bolded word if it has been marked up with the '' | ||
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- | If direct formatting is used, readers can't change the content in a way that works for them (e.g. they are unable to load their own style set). | ||
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- | There are few exceptions to this rule. We use direct formatting for: | ||
- | * [[public: | ||
- | * superscript/ | ||
- | * [[public: | ||
- | * [[public: | ||
- | A style is a set of formatting characteristics applied to content. | ||
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- | Always use styles in the '' | ||
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- | Only use the style pane as directed in this wiki to apply styles to ensure the etext is accessible (unless otherwise instructed). | ||
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- | Styles also give a hierarchical structure to a document’s content. With styles applied, assistive technology can, at the command of the user, jump to the desired part of the document (heading, table, list, images, links, etc.). | ||
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- | By applying this type of formatting, people who have low vision may be able to access and read documents as quickly and as efficiently as those who have good vision. | ||
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- | The image below illustrates how readers using assistive technologies can navigate a document using styles, moving between navigational points, lists, images, and tables. | ||
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- | {{: | ||
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- | <note tip> | ||
- | * TAB characters used to provide indentation | ||
- | * Multiple Paragraph ‘Return’ characters (¶) used to provide spacing between paragraphs | ||
- | * Newline breaks (↵) | ||
- | * Multiple SPACE characters | ||
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- | If any of this exists in the document, then it is not properly formatted with styles. You will need to remove these spaces. See [[public: | ||
- | {{ : | ||
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- | <note important> | ||
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- | ====Applying & Changing Styles==== | ||
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- | Once you have Word set up properly, and all the formatting cleared, you will be able to begin applying styles to the document as per the guidelines in this wiki. | ||
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- | The first step is to clear all formatting in the document: | ||
- | * Make sure the '' | ||
- | * Select all of the text | ||
- | * '' | ||
- | * '' | ||
- | * Select the '' | ||
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- | <note important> | ||
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- | To Apply Styles: | ||
- | * First select the text you want to apply a style to | ||
- | * Then select the appropriate style in the '' | ||
- | * Now that text will be in the selected style | ||
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- | <note important> | ||
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- | The common styles used are: | ||
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- | * Normal | ||
- | * Heading (1-6) | ||
- | * Quote (see [[public: | ||
- | * Caption (see [[public: | ||
- | * Citation (see [[public: | ||
- | * Emphasis and sometimes Strong (see [[public: | ||
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- | < | ||
- | * Select section you need to fix | ||
- | * Clear all formatting using the Style Pane | ||
- | * Reapply the correct style | ||
- | </ | ||
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- | <note tip>You can select '' | ||
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- | ===== Headings ===== | ||
- | When you create a heading in a document, such as a title or a chapter heading, it is not enough to bold the text or increase the font size. A screenreader cannot “see” the bold letters. Always use the Headings Styles from the Style Pane. | ||
- | ====General rules==== | ||
- | * As you apply headings to the document, ensure they appear in the navigation pane in the correct order and at the correct level (Heading 2 will be indented relative to Heading 1). | ||
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- | * Nest headings without skipping. For example, if you have a book with two levels of headings, use Heading 1 and Heading 2, not Heading 1 and Heading 3, no matter how small or insignificant the second level of heading might appear. It’s very important to not skip heading levels as the document will not validate as an accessible ebook. | ||
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- | * **A heading should not have any line break in between**. This will result in two headings of the same level without any text in between. This mark-up is invalid. For example, if the document has the following: | ||
- | Chapter 1\\ Basics of Programming | ||
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- | If the same heading style is applied to both the lines above, there will be two headings of the same level since the section name is broken up into two paragraphs. Manually bring the heading name into one line and then apply the heading style. The correct format will be as follows: | ||
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- | Chapter 1 Basics of Programming | ||
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- | <note tip>If a heading doesn' | ||
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- | ==== Choosing headings ==== | ||
- | Refer to the table of contents of the book and familiarize yourself with the general layout of the book and the hierarchy of chapters, sections, sub-sections, | ||
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- | DAISY and EPUB books support heading levels only up to level 6. Most books will have headings only 3 to 4 levels deep. Many books, especially standard fiction works, will only use Heading 1 and no lower levels. This is typical of books that have chapters without sections or subsections. | ||
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- | - Heading 1: Top level sections include sections of front and rear matter, and usually chapters (unless they are arranged in sections or parts). | ||
- | - Heading 2: Next level breakdown. If a book has 3 Parts each with Chapters, each Part receives a Heading 1 and each Chapter receives a Heading 2. | ||
- | - Heading 3: Can be used for subsections. | ||
- | - Heading 4-6: Rarely used. | ||