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public:nnels:etext:styles [2020/07/29 14:39]
rachel.osolen [Applying & Changing Styles] |
public:nnels:etext:styles [2022/11/23 10:48] (current)
rachel.osolen [Why styles] |
| ====== Styles & Headings ====== | ====== Understanding and Using Styles====== |
| |
| This section will explain why we use styles, and show you how to apply them to your document. | This section will explain why we use styles, and show you how to apply them to your document. |
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| We consulted with DAISY and our own testing and development in creating these guidelines. This documentation is designed to create the most accessible document. | We consulted with DAISY and our own testing and development in creating these guidelines. This documentation is designed to create the most accessible ebook. |
| |
| <note>We are constantly testing and redeveloping the way we create accessible books, and industry standards are constantly improving. We do our best to keep this documentation updated.</note> | <note>We are constantly testing and redeveloping the way we create accessible books, and industry standards are constantly improving. We do our best to keep this documentation updated.</note> |
| =====Why styles===== | =====Why styles===== |
| |
| | We use the ''Style Pane'' to format text, and not direct formatting (i.e. we do not use the tools in the toolbar). |
| |
| A style is a set of formatting characteristics applied to content. | Styles allow readers to change how the formatting is presented. |
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| Always use styles in the ''Style Pane'' to control formatting, such as font type, size, paragraph spacing, bold, italics, underline, etc. | For example, a reader can change the thickness of a bolded word if it has been marked up with the ''Strong'' style. |
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| Do not use the Word toolbar (aka 'direct formatting'). In this way, non-visible code gets added to the piece of text that says ‘this is a heading’ (or table, list, image, etc.). | If direct formatting is used, readers can't change the content in a way that works for them (e.g. they are unable to load their own style set). |
| | |
| | <note>The built in styles for Word are fine for EPUB3 production and we do not have to modify them in our workflow.</note> |
| | |
| | There are few exceptions to this rule. We use direct formatting for: |
| | * [[public:nnels:etext:lists|lists]] |
| | * superscript/subscript numbers |
| | * [[public:nnels:etext:columns|columns]] |
| | * [[public:nnels:etext:bold-italics-underline-strikethrough#underline|underline and strikethrough]] (**very rarely**) |
| | A style is a set of formatting characteristics applied to content. |
| |
| <note>It is very important that you start with a document that is cleared of all formatting. This ensures that there is no hidden code in the etext. Tip: clear it twice. Word can be glitchy.</note> | Always use styles in the ''Style Pane'' to control formatting, such as font type, size, bold, italics, etc. In this way, non-visible code gets added to the piece of text that says ‘this is a heading’ (or table, list, image, etc.). |
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| Only use the style pane as directed in this wiki to apply styles to ensure the etext is accessible (unless otherwise instructed). | Only use the style pane as directed in this wiki to apply styles to ensure the etext is accessible (unless otherwise instructed). |
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| <note important>Be aware that Word can be glitchy sometimes and even though you applied the style the underlining code will remain. Always ensure you ''clear formatting'' before applying styles. If the issue persists, then simply select the problem text, ''clear formatting'' again and reapply the style.</note> | <note important>Be aware that Word can be glitchy sometimes and even though you applied the style the underlining code will remain. Always ensure you ''clear formatting'' before applying styles. If the issue persists, then simply select the problem text, ''clear formatting'' again and reapply the style.</note> |
| | |
| | <note tip>Sometimes a books justification can be erratic in a book, though this does not effect the final product, it can be easier when you are editing to make sure everything is left justified. Headings and block quotes do **not** need to be left justified. [[http://somup.com/cr6Tb53AsM|Here is a video showing you how to do this]].</note> |
| |
| ====Applying & Changing Styles==== | ====Applying & Changing Styles==== |
| * Select the ''clear formatting'' button located at the top of the ''Apply a Style'' box in the ''Style Pane'' | * Select the ''clear formatting'' button located at the top of the ''Apply a Style'' box in the ''Style Pane'' |
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| <note important>Create new tutorial.</note> | [[https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/crhXqGVfFN7|Here is a video showing how to do this!]] |
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| To Apply Styles: | To Apply Styles: |
| * Now that text will be in the selected style | * Now that text will be in the selected style |
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| <note tip>You can select ''Show style guides'' to help keep track of the styles applied in the document. This option is at the bottom of the ''Style Pane''. Once selected it will open a colour coded menu at the left side of the document page. Each colour also has a number, each colour and number correspond to the style you have applied to any given section</note> | The common styles used are: |
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| <note important>create new video</note> | * Normal |
| | * Heading (1-6): for more information on headings go to [[public:nnels:etext:headings|Understanding and Using Headings]] |
| | * Quote (see [[public:nnels:etext:quotations|Blockquotes & Quotations]]) |
| | * Caption (see [[public:nnels:etext:captions|Captions]]) |
| | * Citation (see [[public:nnels:etext:author-citation-styles|Author & Citation Style]]) |
| | * Emphasis and sometimes Strong (see [[public:nnels:etext:bold-italics-underline-strikethrough|Bold, Italics, Underline, & Strikethrough]]) |
| |
| ===== Headings ===== | <note>If you need to fix a mistake in an applied style: |
| When you create a heading in a document, such as a title or a chapter heading, it is not enough to bold the text or increase the font size. A screenreader cannot “see” the bold letters. Always use the Headings Styles from the Style Pane. | * Select section you need to fix |
| ====General rules==== | * Clear all formatting using the Style Pane |
| * As you apply headings to the document, ensure they appear in the navigation pane in the correct order and at the correct level (Heading 2 will be indented relative to Heading 1). | * Reapply the correct style |
| | </note> |
| |
| * Nest headings without skipping. For example, if you have a book with two levels of headings, use Heading 1 and Heading 2, not Heading 1 and Heading 3, no matter how small or insignificant the second level of heading might appear. It’s very important to not skip heading levels as the document will not validate as an accessible ebook. | [[https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cYXq0VL0Rk|Here is a video to show you how to apply and fix styles!]] |
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| * **A heading should not have any line break in between**. This will result in two headings of the same level without any text in between. This mark-up is invalid. For example, if the document has the following: | <note tip>You can select ''Show style guides'' to help keep track of the styles applied in the document. This option is at the bottom of the ''Style Pane''. Once selected it will open a colour coded menu at the left side of the document page. Each colour also has a number, each colour and number correspond to the style you have applied to any given section</note> |
| Chapter 1\\ Basics of Programming | |
| | |
| If the same heading style is applied to both the lines above, there will be two headings of the same level since the section name is broken up into two paragraphs. Manually bring the heading name into one line and then apply the heading style. The correct format will be as follows: | |
| | |
| Chapter 1 Basics of Programming | |
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| <note tip>If a heading doesn't appear in the correct hierarchy in the Navigation Pane, try clearing all formatting from the heading and reapplying the heading style.</note> | |
| | |
| ==== Choosing headings ==== | |
| Refer to the table of contents of the book and familiarize yourself with the general layout of the book and the hierarchy of chapters, sections, sub-sections, etc. Determine how you would like to set up the different elements of the book using Heading levels 1-6. | |
| | |
| DAISY and EPUB books support heading levels only up to level 6. Most books will have headings only 3 to 4 levels deep. Many books, especially standard fiction works, will only use Heading 1 and no lower levels. This is typical of books that have chapters without sections or subsections. | |
| | |
| - Heading 1: Top level sections include sections of front and rear matter, and usually chapters (unless they are arranged in sections or parts). | |
| - Heading 2: Next level breakdown. If a book has 3 Parts each with Chapters, each Part receives a Heading 1 and each Chapter receives a Heading 2. | |
| - Heading 3: Can be used for subsections. | |
| - Heading 4-6: Rarely used. | |
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| ===== Q & A ===== | |
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| **Q: In children's picture books, where there are no section or chapter headings, what heading is the text given?** | [[public:nnels:etext:start|Return to main eText Page]] |
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| A: Most often the text would fall under a heading called "Contents" or "Story". | |
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